# Commonly Used Instructions

**1. MOVE Instruction**

* **Purpose**: Moves or copies data.
  * **Immediate**: `MOV EAX, 0xABCD1234` (moves the immediate value `0xABCD1234` into `EAX`).
  * **Register to Register**: `MOV EAX, EBX` (copies the value in `EBX` to `EAX`).
  * **Memory**: `MOV EAX, DWORD PTR [EBP-0xC]` (moves a value from memory at `[EBP-0xC]` into `EAX`).

**2. ADD and SUB Instructions**

* **ADD**: Performs addition.
  * **Example**: `ADD EAX, EBX` (adds the value in `EBX` to `EAX`).
* **SUB**: Performs subtraction.
  * **Example**: `SUB EAX, 0x10` (subtracts `0x10` from `EAX`).

**3. INC and DEC Instructions**

* **INC**: Increments an operand by one.
  * **Example**: `INC EAX` (increases the value in `EAX` by one).
* **DEC**: Decrements an operand by one.
  * **Example**: `DEC EAX` (decreases the value in `EAX` by one).

**4. XOR Instruction**

* **Purpose**: Performs bit-wise XOR operation.
  * **Example**: `XOR EAX, EBX` (XORs the value in `EAX` with `EBX`).

**5. NOP Instruction**

* **Purpose**: No Operation; does nothing.
  * **Usage**: Used for timing purposes or memory alignment.

**6. Unconditional Jump**

* **Purpose**: Transfers control to another code unconditionally.
  * **Example**: `JMP LABEL` (jumps to the instruction at `LABEL`).

**7. Conditional Jump**

* **Purpose**: Transfers control if a specified condition is met.
  * **JE/JZ**: Jump if Equal/Jump if Zero (checks if the Zero Flag is set).
    * **Example**: `JE LABEL` (jumps to `LABEL` if ZF is set).
  * **JNE/JNZ**: Jump if Not Equal/Jump if Not Zero (checks if the Zero Flag is not set).
    * **Example**: `JNE LABEL` (jumps to `LABEL` if ZF is not set).

**8. CMP Instruction**

* **Purpose**: Compares two operands.
  * **Example**: `CMP EAX, EBX` (compares `EAX` with `EBX`).

**9. LOOP Instruction**

* **Purpose**: Transfers control to a label and decrements the `ECX` register.
  * **Usage**: Continues looping until `ECX` reaches zero.
  * **Example**: `LOOP LABEL` (jumps to `LABEL` and decrements `ECX` until `ECX` is zero).